When reading to learn, students need to follow four basic steps:
1. Figure
out the purpose for reading. Activate background knowledge of the topic in
order to predict or anticipate content and identify appropriate reading
strategies.
2. Attend
to the parts of the text that are relevant to the identified purpose and ignore
the rest. This selectivity enables students to focus on specific items in the
input and reduces the amount of information they have to hold in short-term
memory.
3. Select
strategies that are appropriate to the reading task and use them flexibly and
interactively. Students' comprehension improves and their confidence increases
when they use top-down and bottom-up skills simultaneously to construct meaning.
4. Check
comprehension while reading and when the reading task is completed. Monitoring
comprehension helps students detect inconsistencies and comprehension failures,
helping them learn to use alternate strategies.
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